Imisebenzi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwama-Transformer Cores

1. Imisebenzi ye-Transformer Cores

Ama-transformer asebenzayo ahlala esebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezishintshanayo zamanje (AC). Ukulahleka kwamandla akwenzeki kuphela ekumelaneni nama-windings kodwa nasemoyeni ngenxa ye-AC magnetization. Ukulahlekelwa kwamandla ngaphakathi kwengqikithi ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukulahleka kwensimbi' (noma ukulahlekelwa okuyinhloko), okubangelwa izici ezimbili eziyinhloko: 'ukulahleka kwe-hysteresis' kanye 'nokulahlekelwa kwe-eddy current.' Ukulahlekelwa kwe-Hysteresis amandla ahlakazeka phakathi nenqubo yokwenza uzibuthe ngenxa ye-hysteresis phenomenon. Ubukhulu balokhu kulahlekelwa bulingana nendawo evalwe yiluphu ye-hysteresis. Ngoba insimbi ye-silicon ine-hysteresis loop encane, ukuyisebenzisa njengento eyinhloko kunciphisa kakhulu ukulahlekelwa kwe-hysteresis futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kokushisa.

Njengoba insimbi ye-silicon inalezi zinzuzo, kungani umgogodla ungenziwanga ngebhulokhi eqinile yensimbi ye-silicon, kodwa esikhundleni salokho ucutshungulwe ube amashidi amancane? Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-laminated core inciphisa olunye uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kwensimbi-ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, umsinga oshintshanayo kuma-winding ukhiqiza i-flux kazibuthe eshintshanayo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kazibuthe kubangela imisinga ngaphakathi komgogodla. Lawa magagasi akhangisiwe azungeza ezindizeni eziqonde lapho kugeleza kazibuthe ngakho-ke abizwa ngokuthi ama-eddy currents. Ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-Eddy nakho kubangela ukushisa okuphakathi. Ukuze unciphise lokhu kulahlekelwa, i-transformer core yakhiwe ngokupakisha amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon ahlanganiswe komunye nomunye. Lokhu kuphoqa ama-eddy currents ukuthi ageleze ngokusebenzisa izihibe eziwumngcingo ezinendawo encane ephambanayo, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukumelana nogesi wendlela yamanje ye-eddy. Ukwengeza, i-silicon esensimbi ikhulisa ukumelana nogesi, okubuye kusize ekunciphiseni imisinga ye-eddy. Kuma-transformer cores, amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon engu-0.35 mm awugqinsi agoqelwe ngokuvamile akhethwa. Zisikwa zibe yimichilo engunxande ngokuya ngobukhulu obudingekayo bese zipakishwa ukuze zakhe 'isibalo-yesishiyagalombili' noma umumo wozimele ongunxande. Ngokombono, uma amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon abe mncane futhi imipheshana ibe mincane, umphumela uba ngcono ekwehliseni ama-eddy currents. Lokhu akugcini nje ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy futhi kwehlisa izinga lokushisa kodwa futhi kusindisa impahla. Kodwa-ke, ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, lezi zici ezinhle akuzona kuphela ezicatshangelwayo. Ukwenza amashidi abe mancane kakhulu futhi abe mancane kungawandisa kakhulu amahora okusebenza futhi kunciphise indawo esebenza kahle enqamula ingxenye yomgogodla. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhiqiza ama-silicon steel cores, umuntu kufanele alinganise ubuhle nobubi ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezithile ukuze akhethe ubukhulu obufanele.

Ama-transformer akhiqizwa ngokususelwa kumgomo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Ama-windings amabili asondezwe esilinganisweni esivalekile esiwumgogodla: i-angizoli yokuqala kanye ne-winding yesibili. Lapho i-voltage ye-AC isetshenziswa ekujikeni okuyinhloko, i-current alternating igeleza kuyo, isungula amandla kazibuthe (MMF). Ngaphansi kwethonya lale MMF, i-flux eyinhloko kazibuthe ikhiqizwa emnyombo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kukazibuthe okuyinhloko kudlula futhi kuxhumanise kokubili ama-winding aphansi nakwesibili. Ngenxa yokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, amandla e-electromotive (EMF) akhiqizwa kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Isizathu sokuthi ingakwazi ukwenyusa noma yehlise i-voltage sichazwa nguMthetho kaLenz: ukugeleza kazibuthe okukhiqizwa amandla akhona njalo kuphikisana noshintsho ku-flux yasekuqaleni kazibuthe. Lapho ukuguquguquka kwamagnetic kwangempela kwanda, i-flux kazibuthe ekhiqizwa i-current induced iphikisana nayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukugeleza kazibuthe okubangelwe ekujikeni kwesibili kuphambene nokuguquguquka kazibuthe okuyinhloko okukhiqizwa ukuphenduka okuyinhloko, okuholela ekushintsheni kwevolthi yezinga eliphansi kuwo wonke amajika esibili. Ngakho-ke, umgogodla usebenza njengomjikelezo kazibuthe we-transformer, kuyilapho ama-windings enza isifunda sawo kagesi.

2. Ukuhlelwa Kokucushwa Kwe-Transformer Core

Izinhlobo zeShell kanye neCore-Type Cores

Ingxenye yomgogodla lapho ama-windings alinyazwe khona ibizwa ngokuthi 'ilungu eliwumgogodla,' kuyilapho ingxenye engenawo amajika ejikajikayo kodwa esebenza kuphela njengendlela kazibuthe ibizwa ngokuthi 'ijoka.' Umnyombo ubizwa ngokuthi 'uhlobo lwegobolondo' lapho umgogodla uzungeza ama-winding, kanye 'nohlobo-core-' lapho ama-winding azungeze umgogodla. Ukucushwa kohlobo lweshell kanye nohlobo oluyisisekelo ngakunye kunezici zako ezihlukile, kodwa izinqubo zokukhiqiza abaziyalelayo zihluke kakhulu. Uma isakhiwo esithile sesikhethiwe, kuba nzima ukushintshela kwesinye. E-China, ama-transformer cores amaningi asebenzisa umklamo wohlobo oluyisitaki.

Amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon asetshenziselwa ama-low-frequency transformers futhi eza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene. Ngokusekelwe kunqubo yokukhiqiza, zingahlukaniswa zibe:
A: Anealed (amashidi amnyama)
N: Angafakwanga (amashidi amhlophe)

Ngokusekelwe ekumeni kwazo, zingahlukaniswa zibe: uhlobo lwe-EI, uhlobo lwe-UI, uhlobo lwe-C, nohlobo lwesikwele (Umlomo).

Amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon yohlobo lwesikwele avame ukusetshenziswa kuma-high-power transformers. Banikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-insulation, kalula ukuchithwa kokushisa, kanye nendlela emfushane kazibuthe. Ngokuyinhloko asetshenziselwa ama-transformer anezilinganiso zamandla angaphezu kuka-500–1000 W kanye nama-transformer anamandla amakhulu. Iqoqo lamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon elakhiwe ngamashidi amabili ohlobo lwe-C libizwa ngokuthi i-CD-type core. Kuma-transformer kagesi enziwe ngamashidi ohlobo lwe-CD, ngaphansi kwendawo efanayo ye-cross-sectional, uma iwindi liphakeme, amandla e-transformer anamandla amakhulu. Njengoba amakhoyili angafakwa ngokuhlukana ezinhlangothini zombili zomgogodla, inani lamakhoyili aphendukayo lingasakazwa kuwo wonke ama-bobbin amabili, okuholela ekutheni ubude be-avareji obufushane bufushane nge-bobbin ngayinye futhi kunciphise ukulahlekelwa kwethusi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma amakhoyili amabili alinganayo alinyazwe kuma-bobbins ahlukene, ukulinganisa okuphelele kungafinyelelwa.

Isethi yamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon akhiwe amashidi ohlobo lwe-C amane abizwa ngokuthi i-ED-type core. Ama-transformer enziwe nge-ED-type cores anephrofayili eyisicaba, ebanzi. Ngaphansi kwesilinganiso samandla esifanayo, ama-transformer ohlobo lwe-ED mafushane futhi abanzi kune-CD-type transformer. Ngenxa yokuthi amakhoyili afakwe phakathi nendawo yamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon anendlela kazibuthe yangaphandle, abonisa ukugeleza okuphansi kokuvuza kanye nokuphazamiseka okuncane ezingxenyeni ezizungezile. Kodwa-ke, wonke amakhoyili alinyazwa kwi-bobbin eyodwa ewugqinsi, okuholela ekujikeni okumaphakathi okude nokulahleka kwethusi okuphezulu.

Ama-cores ohlobo lwe-C anikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu, okuholela kuma-transformer ahlangene, angasindi, futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngokombono wokuhlanganisa, ama-cores ohlobo lwe-C adinga izingxenye ezimbalwa kakhulu futhi anokuhlukahluka okuphezulu, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokwenza amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon yohlobo lwe-C iyinkimbinkimbi futhi idinga imishini ekhethekile, okwenza izindleko zabo zamanje zibe phezulu.

Amashidi ensimbi ensimbi yohlobo lwe-E, aziwa nangokuthi amashidi ohlobo lwegobolondo noma amashidi ayisishiyagalombili, anenzuzo eyinhloko yokwabelana ngebhobhini eyodwa kukho kokubili ama-windinging ayinhloko nakwesibili, anikeza isici sesikhala sewindi eliphezulu (I-Space Factor Km: isilinganiso se-net yendawo yesiphambano sentambo yethusi endaweni yewindi). Amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon enza igobolondo elivikelayo elizungeze ama-windings, avimbele ukulimala komshini. Baphinde banikeze indawo enkulu yokukhipha ukushisa futhi banciphise ukuhlakazeka kwenkundla kazibuthe. Kodwa-ke, abonisa ukuvuza okuphezulu phakathi kwama-winding ayisisekelo nawesibili kanye nokuba sengozini enkulu ekuphazamisekeni kwamagnetic kwangaphandle. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yobude obude be-perimeter yama-windings, iziguquli zohlobo lwe-E zidinga intambo yethusi eyengeziwe ngenani elifanayo lokujika kanye nendawo ephakathi nendawo ephakathi.

Ukuqina okujwayelekile kwamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon kungu-0.35 mm no-0.5 mm. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlanganisa amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon: i-interleaving kanye ne-butt-stacking. Indlela yokushiya ishintshanisa iziphetho ezivulekile zamashidi ezinhlangothini eziphambene. Le ndlela iyakhathaza kakhulu kodwa iphumela ezikhaleni zomoya ezincane kanye nokungabaza okuphansi kazibuthe, okunenzuzo ekwandiseni ukugeleza kazibuthe; ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-transformer amandla. Indlela yokunqwabelanisa izinqe ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezinamamanje aqondile (DC). Ukuvimbela ukugcwala okubangelwa i-DC yamanje, igebe lomoya kufanele lishiywe phakathi kwamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon. Kule ndlela, ama-E-sheets nama-I-sheets abekwe ezinhlangothini eziphambene, futhi igebe lomoya phakathi kwabo lingalungiswa ngokusebenzisa ama-shims ephepha.

3. Izinhlobo Zekhoyili Eziwumgogodla

Lezi zihlukaniswe zaba izinhlobo ezintathu:
A. TOROIDAL CORE: Yenziwe ngokupakisha ama-laminations ohlobo lwe-O noma ngamashidi ensimbi e-silicon asongezelayo. I-winding wire kulolu hlobo lwe-core inzima kakhulu.
B. INDODA YOMQEPHU: Ingqikithi yensimbi emise okwenduku.
C. I-DRUM CORE: Ingqikithi yensimbi emise okwesigubhu.

4. Ukuhlelwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile Ze-Transformer

1. Isigaba se-High-Frequency: Ama-Ferrite Cores
Ferrite cores asetshenziswa kuma-high-frequency transformers. Zingamamagnethi e-ceramic anesakhiwo sekristale ye-spinel, esakhiwe nge-iron oxide nezinye izinhlanganisela zensimbi ezihlukene, njenge-kFe₂O₄ (lapho u-k emelela ezinye izinsimbi). Njengamanje izinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka i-manganese (Mn), i-zinc (Zn), i-nickel (Ni), i-magnesium (Mg), nethusi (Cu). Inhlanganisela evamile ihlanganisa uchungechunge lweManganese-Zinc (MnZn), uchungechunge lwe-Nickel-Zinc (NiZn), kanye nochungechunge lwe-Magnesium-Zinc (MgZn). Lezi zinto zinezici eziphezulu zokungena kanye ne-impedance, nebanga lefrikhwensi yokusebenza ukusuka ku-1 kHz ukuya ngaphezulu kuka-200 kHz.
Ibanga lefrikhwensi ye-Ferrite core: 18 kHz ukuya ngaphezulu kokungu-1 MHz.

2. Isigaba se-Low-Frequency: I-Silicon Steel Sheets kanye ne-Amorphous Alloys
I-Silicon steel core ububanzi: 5 Hz kuya ku-1 kHz.
Ama-transformer asebenzisa i-silicon steel ngokuvamile asebenza ku-50 Hz. Kodwa-ke, mayelana nokusebenza kahle, imvamisa ephakeme kancane ingase iveze imiphumela engcono, kuye ngesilinganiso se-Gauss seshidi lensimbi ye-silicon. Nakuba amaza omsindo angafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-20 kHz, lokhu akusebenzi. Kunconywa ukuthi isebenze ku-50–60 Hz, nakuba ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile phakathi kwebanga lemvamisa elingu-50–200 Hz.
Ibanga lefrikhwensi ye-Amorphous core: 2 kHz ukuya ku-13 kHz.