Ukubuka: 60 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2025-11-01 Umsuka: Isayithi
Njengomkhiqizi wefreyimu yephaneli yelanga e-China, kufanele sazi ukuthi kanjani i- Iphaneli yelanga eyenziwe, ngoba ifreyimu yethu iyingxenye eyodwa yamamojula elanga. Okokuqala, ake sihlole isithombe sokuhlukaniswa kwezinto zephaneli yelanga ukuze sibe nombono ophelele wamaphaneli elanga. (Izinhlobo ze-Mono ne-Poly)
Kusukela kulesi sithombe, siyazi ukuthi I-solar PV module iqukethe amaseli elanga, ingilazi, i-EVA, i-backsheet, futhi ifreyimu. Phakathi kwalezi zingxenye, ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu amaseli elanga, futhi izinto ezivame kakhulu ukudala amaseli e-PV ngamakristalu e-silicon. Ngakho-ke sidinga ukwazi okwengeziwe nge-silicon.
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwenza iphaneli yelanga ukumba kanye nokuhlanza i-silicon. Ukuhlanzwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngesithando somlilo sikagesi. Ngokujabulisayo, i-silicon iyinsiza eningi kakhulu. Eqinisweni, yi- Isici sesibili esichichima kakhulu (ngakwesokudla ngemva komoyampilo) emhlabeni. Imbiwa emhlabeni jikelele.
Konke kuqala ngempahla eluhlaza, okuyinto kithi isihlabathi. Ama-solar panel amaningi enziwe nge-silicon, okuyingxenye eyinhloko esihlabathini solwandle lwemvelo. I-silicon itholakala kakhulu, okuyenza ibe yinto yesibili etholakala kakhulu Emhlabeni. Nokho, ukuguqula isihlabathi sibe i-silicon yezinga eliphezulu kuza ngezindleko eziphakeme futhi kuyinqubo edinga amandla. I-silicon ehlanzekile kakhulu ikhiqizwa esihlabathini se-quartz esithandweni se-arc emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu.
I-silicon iqoqwa, ngokuvamile isesimweni samadwala aqinile. Amakhulu ala matshe ancibilikiswa ndawonye emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu ukuze akhe ama-ingots asesimweni se-cylinder. Ukuze ufinyelele umumo oyifunayo, insimbi, isithando somlilo esiyi-cylindrical sisetshenziswa. Ngenqubo yokuncibilika, ukunakwa kunikezwa ukuze wonke ama-athomu aqondaniswe ngokuphelele esakhiweni esifiswayo kanye nokuma kwawo. I-Boron yengezwa kule nqubo, ezonikeza i-silicone positive polarity kagesi.
Amaseli e-Monocrystalline akhiqizwa ngekristalu eyodwa ye-silicon. I-Mono Silicon isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuguquleni amandla elanga abe ugesi, ngakho-ke intengo yamaphaneli e-monocrystalline iphezulu.
Ama-wafer amelela isinyathelo esilandelayo enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Ingot ye-silicon inqunywa ibe amadiski amancane, abizwa nangokuthi ama-wafers. I-wire saw isetshenziselwa ukusika ngokunemba. Ubuncane be-wafer bufana nobephepha.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-silicon ehlanzekile iyacwebezela, ingabonisa ukukhanya kwelanga. Ukunciphisa inani lokukhanya kwelanga elilahlekile, i-anti-reflective coating ifakwa ku-wafer ye-silicon.
Izinqubo ezilandelayo zizoguqula i-wafer ibe iseli lelanga elikwazi ukuguqula amandla elanga abe ugesi.
Ngayinye yamawafa ayaphathwa futhi amakhondakta ensimbi ayengezwa endaweni ngayinye. Amakhondaktha anikeza isinkwa esilucwecwana i-matrix efana negridi ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla elanga abe ngugesi. I-coating izokwenza lula ukumuncwa kokukhanya kwelanga, kunokukubonisa.
Ekamelweni elifana nohhavini, iphosphorous isakazwa ungqimba oluncane phezu kwamawafa. Lokhu kuzoshaja indawo engaphezulu ngomumo ongemuhle kagesi. Inhlanganisela ye-boron ne-phosphorous izonikeza ukuhlangana okuhle - okungalungile, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kweseli ye-PV.
Amaseli elanga athengiswa ndawonye, kusetshenziswa izixhumi zensimbi ukuxhumanisa amaseli. Amaphaneli elanga enziwe ngamaseli elanga ahlanganiswe ndawonye esakhiweni esifana ne-matrix. Ukunikezwa okujwayelekile kwamanje emakethe yilezi:
Ngemva kokuba amangqamuzana ehlanganiswe ndawonye, ungqimba omncane (cishe u-6-7 mm) wengilazi wengezwe ohlangothini olungaphambili, olubheke elangeni. I-backsheet yenziwe ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside, ezisekelwe ku-polymer. Lokhu kuzovimbela amanzi, inhlabathi, nezinye izinto ukuthi zingangeni kuphaneli ukusuka ngemuva. Kamuva, ibhokisi lokuhlangana liyengezwa, ukuze kunikwe amandla ukuxhumana ngaphakathi kwemojuli.
Konke kuhlangana lapho uhlaka seluhlanganisiwe. I ifreyimu izophinde inikeze isivikelo emthelela kanye nesimo sezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwefreyimu kuzovumela futhi ukukhwezwa kwephaneli ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo ngama-clamps afaka.
I-EVA (i-ethylene vinyl acetate) iyiglue ehlanganisa yonke into. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ikhwalithi ye-encapsulant iphezulu ukuze ingalimazi amaseli ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esibi.
Uma imojuli isilungile, ukuhlolwa kuyenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amaseli asebenza ngendlela elindelekile. I-STC (Izimo Zokuhlola Ezijwayelekile) isetshenziswa njengendawo eyinkomba. Iphaneli ifakwa kusihloli se-flash endaweni yokukhiqiza. Umhloli uzoletha okulingana ne-irradiance engu-1000W/m2, izinga lokushisa leseli elingu-25°C, nesisindo somoya esingu-1.5g. Amapharamitha kagesi abhalwe phansi futhi ungathola le miphumela eshidini lezicaciso zobuchwepheshe zawo wonke amaphaneli. Izilinganiso zizoveza amandla aphumayo, ukusebenza kahle, amandla kagesi, amandla amanje, umthelela, nokubekezelela izinga lokushisa.
Ngaphandle kwe-STC, wonke umkhiqizi usebenzisa i-NOCT (izinga lokushisa leselula elisebenzayo). Amapharamitha asetshenzisiwe asondelene kakhulu nesimo 'sokuphila kwangempela': izinga lokushisa lemojula evulekile yomjikelezo ku-800W/m2 irradiance, izinga lokushisa le-ambient elingu-20°C, isivinini somoya esingu-1m/s. Futhi, izilinganiso ze-NOCT zingatholakala eshidini lezicaciso zobuchwepheshe.
Lezi yizinyathelo zokugcina zokukhiqiza ngaphambi kokuba imojuli ilungele ukuthunyelwa ezindlini noma emabhizinisini.
