Ingabe i-Aluminium Ilungele Amaphaneli eSolar?

I-Aluminium (noma i-aluminium ngesiNgisi saseMelika kanye nesiNgisi sase-Canadian) iyikhemikhali enophawu u-Al kanye nenombolo ye-athomu engu-13. I-Aluminium inomthamo ophansi kunewezinye izinsimbi ezivamile, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yensimbi. Inobudlelwane obuhle obubheke kumoya-mpilo, futhi yenza ungqimba oluvikelayo lwe-oxide ngaphezulu lapho ivezwe emoyeni. I-aluminium ibukeka ifana nesiliva, kokubili ngombala wayo kanye nekhono layo elikhulu lokukhombisa ukukhanya. Ithambile, ayinamagnetic futhi i-ductile. Ine-isotopu eyodwa ezinzile, 27Al; le isotopu ivame kakhulu, okwenza i-aluminium ibe isici seshumi nambili esivame kakhulu endaweni yonke. I-radioactivity ye-26Al isetshenziswa ekwenzeni umsakazo.

Ngamakhemikhali, i-aluminium iyinsimbi ye-post-transition eqenjini le-boron; njengoba kuvamile eqenjini, i-aluminiyamu yenza izinhlanganisela ngokuyinhloko kusimo se-oxidation +3. I-aluminium cation Al3+ incane futhi ishajwe kakhulu; kanjalo, i-polarizing, futhi amabhondi amafomu e-aluminium athambekele ekuhlanganyeleni. Ukuhlobana okuqinile komoyampilo kuholela ekuhlotshaneni okuvamile kwe-aluminium nomoya-mpilo emvelweni osesimweni sama-oxide; ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-aluminium itholakala Emhlabeni ngokuyinhloko emadwaleni oqweqwe, lapho iyingxenye yesithathu eningi kakhulu ngemva kwe-oksijini ne-silicon, kunokuba ku-mantle, futhi cishe ayilokothi njengensimbi yamahhala.

Ukutholakala kwe-aluminium kwamenyezelwa ngo-1825 yisazi sefiziksi saseDenmark u-Hans Christian Ørsted. Ukukhiqizwa kokuqala kwezimboni kwe-aluminium kwaqalwa usokhemisi ongumFulentshi u-Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville ngo-1856. I-Aluminium yatholakala kakhulu emphakathini ngenqubo ye-Hall–Héroult eyathuthukiswa ngokuzimela unjiniyela ongumFulentshi u-Paul Héroult nonjiniyela waseMelika uCharles Martin Hall ngo-1886, futhi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwe-aluminium kwaholela ekuphileni kwayo kwansuku zonke okubanzi. Ezimpini Zomhlaba I no-II, i-aluminium yayiwumthombo obalulekile wamasu kwezondiza. Ngo-1954, i-aluminium yaba insimbi engenansimbi ekhiqizwa kakhulu, idlula ithusi. Ekhulwini lama-21, i-aluminium eningi yayisetshenziswa kwezokuthutha, ubunjiniyela, ukwakhiwa, nokupakishwa e-United States, eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseJapane.

Naphezu kokusabalala kwayo emvelweni, azikho izinto eziphilayo ezaziwa zisebenzisa usawoti we-aluminium ngokugayeka kokudla, kodwa i-aluminium ibekezelelwa kahle izitshalo nezilwane. Ngenxa yobuningi balawa sawoti, amandla okuba nendima yezinto eziphilayo kubo ahlala ethakazelisa, futhi izifundo ziyaqhubeka.

Isicelo

Bheka futhi: Ingxube ye-aluminium

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium emhlabeni wonke ngo-2016 kwakuyi-58.8 million metric tons. Idlule eyanoma iyiphi enye insimbi ngaphandle kwensimbi (1,231 million metric tons).[138][139]

I-aluminium cishe ihlale ixubile, ethuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo izakhiwo zayo zemishini, ikakhulukazi uma ithukuthele. Isibonelo, amafoil e-aluminium avamile namathini esiphuzo angama-alloys angu-92% kuya ku-99% we-aluminium.[140] Ama-alloying agents ayinhloko ithusi, i-zinc, i-magnesium, i-manganese, ne-silicon (isb, i-duralumin) namazinga ezinye izinsimbi ngamaphesenti ambalwa ngesisindo.[141] I-Aluminiyamu, kokubili okwenziwe futhi okuphonswe, ihlanganiswe ne: manganese, i-silicon, i-magnesium, ithusi kanye ne-zinc phakathi kokunye.[142] Isibonelo, umndeni wakwaKynal wama-alloys wasungulwa ngumkhiqizi wamakhemikhali waseBrithani i-Imperial Chemical Industries.

I-aluminium can

Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwensimbi ye-aluminium kuku:

• Ezokuthutha (izimoto, izindiza, amaloli, izimoto zikaloliwe, imikhumbi yasolwandle, amabhayisikili, imikhumbi-mkhathi, njll.). I-aluminium isetshenziswa ngenxa yobuningi bayo obuphansi;

• Ukupakisha (amathini, i-foil, ifreyimu, njll.). I-Aluminium isetshenziswa ngoba ayinabo ubuthi (bheka ngezansi), ayikhangisi, futhi ayinabo ubufakazi obunama-splinter;

• Ukwakha nokwakha (amafasitela, iminyango, izinhlangothi, ucingo lwesakhiwo, ukushela, ukufulela, njll.). Njengoba insimbi ishibhile, i-aluminium isetshenziswa lapho ukukhanya, ukumelana nokugqwala, noma izici zobunjiniyela zibalulekile;

• Ukusetshenziswa okuhlobene nogesi (ama-conductor alloys, amamotho, namajeneretha, ama-transformer, ama-capacitor, njll.). I-Aluminium isetshenziswa ngenxa yokuthi ishibhile, iyakwazi ukusingatha kahle izinto, inamandla anele emishini kanye nokuminyana okuphansi, futhi imelana nokugqwala;

• Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zasendlini, kusukela ezitsheni zokupheka kuya kufenisha. Ukuminyana okuphansi, ukubukeka okuhle, ukwenziwa lula, nokuqina yizici ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium;

• Imishini nemishini (imishini yokucubungula, amapayipi, amathuluzi). I-Aluminium isetshenziswa ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kwayo, i-non-pyrophoricity, namandla emishini.

• Amakesi ekhompyutha ephathekayo. Okwamanje akuvamile ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwengxubevange,[144] kodwa i-aluminium ingagaywa kabusha futhi i-aluminium ehlanzekile inevelu yemakethe eyinsalela: isibonelo, into esetshenzisiwe yethini lesiphuzo (UBC) isetshenziswe ukumboza izingxenye zikagesi zekhompuyutha ephathekayo ye-MacBook Air, i-Pixel 5 smartphone noma i-smartwatch ye-Summit Lite.

Iyini impahla yephaneli yelanga?

Izinto zohlaka lwelanga yi-6063 aluminium alloy.

I-AA 6063 iyingxubevange ye-aluminium, ene-magnesium ne-silicon njengezici ze-alloying. Izinga elilawula ukwakheka kwalo ligcinwa yi-The Aluminium Association. Ngokuvamile inezimfanelo ezinhle zokusebenza futhi iyelapheka ngokushisa futhi iyashisela. Ifana ne-British aluminium alloy HE9.

I-6063 iyingxubevange evamile esetshenziselwa i-aluminium extrusion. Ivumela umumo oyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi wakheke ngezindawo ezibushelelezi ezilungele i-anodizing futhi kanjalo idumile ezinhlelweni zezakhiwo ezibonakalayo ezifana namafreyimu amawindi, amafreyimu eminyango, uphahla, namafreyimu ezimpawu.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ukwakhiwa kwengxubevange ye-6063 ithi: I-Aluminium aiioy 6063

Isici esakhiwe	Ubuncane (% ngesisindo)	Ubukhulu (% ngesisindo)
I-Aluminium (Al)	97.50%	99.35%
I-Magnesium (Mg)	0.45%	0.90%
I-silicon (Si)	0.20%	0.60%
Insimbi (Fe)	0	0.35%
I-Chromium (Cr)	0	0.10%
Ithusi (Cu)	0	0.10%
I-Manganese (Mn)	0	0.10%
I-Titanium (Ti)	0	0.10%
I-Zinc (Sn)	0	0.10%
Abanye	0	0.15% inani (0.05% lilinye)

Izakhiwo zemishini:

6063-T5

I-T5 temper 6063 inamandla okuqina okuqinile okungenani angu-140 MPa (20,000 psi) ngogqinsi olungafika kumamilimitha angu-13 (0.5 in), kanye no-130 MPa (19,000 psi) ukusuka ku-13 mm (0.5 in) ugqinsi, futhi ikhiqiza amandla okungenani angu-90,400 kuya ku-1si wamamitha angu-1 (psi) (0.5 in) kanye no-90 MPa (13,000 psi) ukusuka ku-13 ukuya ku-25 mm (0.5 kuya ku-1 ku-). Inobude obungu-8%.

6063-T6

I-T6 temper 6063 inamandla okugcina eqinile okungenani angu-190 MPa (28,000 psi) futhi ikhiqiza amandla okungenani angu-160 MPa (23,000 psi). Ngobukhulu obungamamilimitha angu-3.15 (0.124 in) noma ngaphansi, inobude obungu-8% noma ngaphezulu; ezingxenyeni eziminyene, inobude obungu-10%.

Isiphetho

I-6063 isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, amafasitela nezicabha, amapayipi namashubhu, kanye nefenisha ye-aluminium. Ngakho-ke kuhle ukusetshenziswa kuma-solar panel.