Ungalithola kanjani futhi uqede iphutha lesisekelo se-transformer?

1. Ukuqedwa Kwamaphutha Okwenza I-Multi-Point Grounding

(1) Izindlela zokunciphisa isikhashana lapho isiguquli singakwazi ukukhishwa emsebenzini:

① Uma kukhona intambo yaphansi yangaphandle futhi iphutha lamanje liphezulu ngokuqhathaniswa, intambo yaphansi inganqanyulwa okwesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, ukuqapha kufanele kuqiniswe ukuze kuvinjwe umnyombo ekuthuthukiseni amandla okuntanta uma iphutha linyamalala.

② Uma iphutha lokubeka phansi lamaphuzu amaningi liphakathi noma lingazinzile, isibambi sezintambo zesilayidi singaxhunywa ochungechungeni ngentambo yaphansi esebenzayo ukuze kukhawulwe yamanje ibe ngaphansi kuka-1 A. Isimelasi sezintambo zesilayidi kufanele sikhethwe ngokuhlukanisa i-voltage ekalwa kuyo yonke intambo yaphansi yokusebenza ngokugeleza kwamanje kuyo.

③ Ukuhlaziywa Kwegesi Encibilikisiwe (i-DGA) kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukuqapha izinga lokukhiqiza igesi endaweni enephutha.

④ Uma indawo okuyiphutha isikhonjwe ngesilinganiso, uma ingakwazi ukulungiswa ngokushesha, ibhande eliyisisekelo eliyisisekelo lingathuthwa liyiswe endaweni efanayo nendawo yephutha. Lokhu kuzonciphisa kakhulu amandla ajikelezayo.

(2) Izinyathelo zokulungisa kahle. Uma ukuqapha kukhombisa iphutha lesisekelo samaphuzu amaningi, ama-transformer angakhishwa emsebenzini kufanele asuswe amandla ngokushesha ukuze iphutha liqedwe ngokuphelele. Ngokuya ngohlobo kanye nembangela ye-grounding yamaphuzu amaningi, izinyathelo ezifanele zokulondoloza kufanele zithathwe. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, iphuzu lephutha alikwazi ukutholakala ngisho nangemva kokuba i-transformer ikhishwe amandla futhi ingqikithi iphakanyisiwe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izindlela ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa endaweni ukuze kutholwe kahle indawo okusekelwe kuyo:

① Indlela ye-DC: Nqamula ibhande eliphansi phakathi kwengqikithi nesakhiwo sokubopha. Faka i-voltage engu-6 V DC kuwo wonke amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon ezinhlangothini zombili zejoka. Bese, sebenzisa i-voltmeter ye-DC ukukala i-voltage phakathi kwamashidi ensimbi e-silicon aseduze ngokulandelana. Lapho i-voltage ifunda uziro noma imitha ikhombisa i-polarity ehlehlayo, leyo ndawo ingabhekwa njengendawo enephutha.

② Indlela ye-AC: Xhuma i-low-voltage winding ye-transformer kumthombo wamandla kagesi we-AC wama-220–380 V ukuze usungule i-flux kazibuthe kumongo. Uma kukhona iphutha lokubeka phansi lamaphuzu amaningi, i-current izotholwa nge-milliammeter (inqobo nje uma ibhande eliphansi phakathi komnyombo nesakhiwo sokubopha sinqanyuliwe). Linganisa iphoyinti ngephoyinti kumazinga ahlukahlukene wejoka eliwumgogodla usebenzisa i-milliammeter. Lapho i-milliammeter ifunda uziro, leyo ndawo iyiphuzu lephutha.

2. Izigigaba Ezingajwayelekile Ezidalwa Ukugaywa Kwamaphoyinti amaningi

(1) Ama-Eddy currents akhiqizwa ngaphakathi komnyombo, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwensimbi okwandisiwe kanye nokushisa okweqile kwendawo okuphakathi.

(2) Uma isisekelo samaphuzu amaningi esiqinile sihlala singaxazululiwe isikhathi eside, ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kuzobangela uwoyela nama-winding ukuba kushise, kuguge kancane kancane ukufakwa kwephepha likawoyela. Lokhu kungabangela ukuguga okuphakathi kwama-laminations abalulekile, okuholela ekushiseni okukhulu nakakhulu futhi okungenzeka kushise umongo.

(3) Ukubekwa phansi kwamaphuzu amaningi isikhathi eside kwehlisa uwoyela kuma-transformer acwiliswe uwoyela, kukhiqize amagesi avuthayo futhi kubangele ukudluliselwa kwegesi.

(4) Ukushisa ngokweqile kungabangela ukubola kwe-carbonization yamabhulokhi e-spacer yokhuni kanye nezakhiwo zokubopha ngaphakathi kwengxenye esebenzayo.

(5) Ukubekwa phansi okunamandla kwamaphoyinti amaningi kungashisa intambo yaphansi, kubangele ukuthi i-transformer ilahlekelwe indawo yayo evamile enephuzu elilodwa, okuholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele.

(6) Ukugxilisa amaphuzu amaningi nakho kungabangela izenzakalo zokukhishwa.

3. Izizathu zokuthi kungani i-core idinga ukugcotshwa kwephuzu elilodwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile:

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, kunenkambu kagesi ekhona phakathi kwamawindi anamandla kanye nethangi le-transformer, enomongo nezinye izakhi zensimbi ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwalo mkhakha. Ngenxa yokungalingani kokusabalalisa amandla namandla enkambu ahlukahlukene, uma ingqikithi ingasekelwenga ngokuthembekile, izenzakalo zokushaja nokukhipha zizokwenzeka. Lokhu kungonakalisa ukufakwa okuqinile futhi kunciphise amandla e-dielectric kawoyela; ngakho-ke, umgogodla kufanele ube nesisekelo esithembekile sephuzu elilodwa.

Umgogodla wakhiwe ngamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon. Ukuze unciphise ama-eddy currents, kunezinga elithile lokumelana nokufakwa phakathi kwamashidi (ngokuvamile ukusuka kuma-ohm ambalwa kuya kumashumi ambalwa ama-ohms). Ngenxa yokuthi i-inter-sheet capacitance inkulu ngokwedlulele, ingabhekwa njengendlela yokuqondisa endaweni kagesi eshintshanayo. Ngakho-ke, ukugxilisa umgogodla endaweni eyodwa kwanele ukubopha amandla awo wonke ama-laminations ayisitaki ukuze kube namandla angaphansi.

Uma ingqikithi noma izingxenye zayo zensimbi zisekelwe ezindaweni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, iluphu evaliwe izokwakhiwa phakathi kwamaphoyinti aphansi. Le loop ixhumanisa ingxenye ye-flux kazibuthe, idala amandla e-electromotive (EMF) futhi idale umsinga ojikelezayo. Lokhu kuholela ekushiseni okweqile kwendawo futhi kungashisa umnyombo.

Umhlabathi onephuzu elilodwa ukuphela kwesimo sosisekelo esamukelekayo nesivamile somgogodla we-transformer. Ngamanye amazwi, ingqikithi kufanele isekelwe phansi, futhi kufanele isekelwe endaweni eyodwa ncamashi.

Amaphutha abalulekile abangelwa ngokuyinhloko izinto ezimbili: izindlela zokwakha ezingezinhle eziholela kumasekhethi amafushane, nezici zangaphandle noma izesekeli ezibangela ukusekela amaphuzu amaningi.