Ukuhlaziywa kwemboni ye-photovoltaic e-Italy

Ukuhlaziywa Okujulile Kwemboni Ye-Photovoltaic Yase-Italy: Uguquko Lwesakhiwo kanye Nekusasa Elizayo ku-Wave of Recovery.

Iqhutshwa uguquko lwamandla omhlaba kanye ne-European Green Deal, imboni ye-photovoltaic yase-Italy ibhekene noguquko olujulile lwesakhiwo. Kusukela 'enkathini yegolide' yasekuqaleni kwawo-2010 kuya esikhathini eside sokuma maphakathi nawo-2010, bese kuya ekululameni okuqinile eminyakeni yamuva nje, imakethe ye-photovoltaic yase-Italy ibuyela kancane kancane endaweni ephakathi kwe-European and even global photovoltaic landscape. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokuhlelekile isimo samanje kanye nokuthambekela kwentuthuko yembonini ye-photovoltaic yase-Italy kusuka ezinhlangothini ezinhlanu: isimo sokuthuthukiswa, abashayeli benqubomgomo, isakhiwo semakethe, amathemba esikhathi esizayo, nezinselele.

I. Isimo Sokuthuthukiswa: Ukubuyela Emgudwini Wokukhula Osheshayo, Amandla Okufaka Ayaqhubeka Ukukhuphuka

Umkhakha we-photovoltaic wase-Italy wake waba omunye wabaholi eYurophu. Ngo-2011, umthamo wayo omusha ofakiwe wafinyelela cishe ku-10 GW, ubeka inani eliphakeme emlandweni, okulandelwa ukwehla okuthathe iminyaka eyishumi ngenxa yokwehliswa kwezibonelelo. Kusukela ngo-2019, ngokucaciswa kwesimo sezulu namandla kazwelonke, imakethe ye-photovoltaic ihlangabezane 'nemvuselelo.' Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umthamo ofakiwe ukhule kancane kancane:

● Engxenyeni yokuqala ye-2023, i-Italy yengeze i-2.3 GW yomthamo omusha we-photovoltaic, osuvele useduze nengqikithi ye-2022;

● Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2024, amandla amasha afakiwe aphinde akhuphuka afinyelela ku-3.34 GW, okuwukunyuka okuphawulekayo konyaka nonyaka;

● Kubikezelwa ukuthi umthamo omusha ofakiwe uzodlula i-8 GW ngo-2025;

● Kubikezelwa ukuthi umthamo omusha ofakiwe uzofinyelela ku-8–9 GW ngo-2026, futhi umthamo ofakiwe ohlanganisiwe ungase udlule u-45 GW (ngokusekelwe ku-37.08 GW ekupheleni kuka-2024).

Leli zinga lokukhula liphakathi kweziphakeme kakhulu eYurophu, okumaka i-Italy njengenye yezigxobo zokukhula zama-photovoltaics aseYurophu.

II. Abashayeli Benqubomgomo: Kusukela Kuzibonelelo Zomxhaso kuya Ekusekelweni Okuhlelekile

Inqubomgomo iyinjini eyinhloko yemvuselelo ye-photovoltaic yase-Italy. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhulumeni uye wavula ngempumelelo izimakethe zendawo yokuhlala, ezohwebo, nezinkulu zezimboni zokuphehla ugesi ezibekwe phansi ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokukhuthaza ezinamazinga amaningi nezinezinhlangothi eziningi.

1. Ibhonasi enkulu (110%)

Le nqubomgomo ibiwumshayeli oyinhloko wokwanda kwama-photovoltaics okuhlala kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2023, okuvumela izakhamuzi ukuthi zijabulele ikhredithi yentela engu-110% lapho kufakwa amasistimu okugcina amandla e-photovoltaic +, angase adluliselwe komunye umuntu. Lesi sinyathelo sehlise kakhulu umkhawulo wokuqala wokutshalwa kwezimali kubahlali futhi sakhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kwamandla elanga asekhaya kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla. Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2023, ama-47% okufakwa okusha aqhamuka kumaphrojekthi okuhlala, imakethe yasekhaya yengeza i-1.1 GW, edlula inani lika-2022.

2. Nakuba inqubomgomo yaphela ngokusemthethweni ngoFebhuwari 2024, ivumela kuphela ukuqhubeka kwamaphrojekthi akhona, umthelela wayo ufinyelela kude, ubeka isisekelo semakethe sokusatshalaliswa kwamandla kagesi elanga.

3. Inqubomgomo evamile yesaphulelo sentela (isaphulelo sentela esingu-50%, isikhathi seminyaka eyi-10)

Njengenye indlela, inqubomgomo entsha, nakuba inikeza inkuthazo encane, isahlinzeka ngosekelo oluzinzile kumaphrojekthi asekhaya kanye namaphrojekthi amancane kuya kwaphakathi nendawo, iqinisekisa ukuthi imakethe ayitholi ukwehla 'konqenqemeni'.

4. Ukusekelwa kwamaphrojekthi amakhulu kanye nokuxhumeka kwegridi okwenziwe lula

Uhulumeni ugqugquzela ukwenziwa lula kwezinqubo zokunikeza amalayisense amaphrojekthi amakhulu kagesi welanga ukuze kubhekwane nengqinamba langaphambilini 'lomjikelezo wonyaka owodwa kuya kwemithathu wokugunyazwa.' Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka wezi-2024, amandla axhunywe kugridi wamaphrojekthi angu-1-10 MW akhuphuke ngo-122% unyaka nonyaka, okubonisa ukugunyazwa kokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zikagesi.

5. Izinjongo Zesu Lamandla Kazwelonke

I-Italy isho ngokucacile ukuthi ngo-2030, amandla avuselelekayo azofaka u-55% wokuphehlwa kukagesi, ngamandla elanga njengendlela eyinhloko, edinga amandla afakiwe ahlanganisiwe angaphezu kuka-50 GW. Lo mgomo uhlinzeka ngokulindelwe okucacile kokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside.

III. Ukwakheka Kwemakethe: Indlela Enezinhlangothi Ezintathu, Ukubusa Okusabalalisiwe, kanye Nokwanda Kwemiklamo Emikhulu

Okwamanje, imakethe yamandla elanga yase-Italy ibonisa ukwakheka okunezinhlangothi ezintathu: 'ukubusa okusabalalisiwe, ukukhula okuzinzile emikhakheni yezohwebo nezimboni, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezitshalo zikagesi ezibekwe phansi':

1. Amandla Elanga Yasekhaya (Ukubusa Okusabalalisiwe)

○ Iyaqhubeka nokuhola ngesabelo semakethe, ibalwa ku-29% wokufakwa okusha engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2024 (985 MW);

○ Igxile kakhulu ezindaweni zezimboni ezisenyakatho nezindawo ezinelanga elimaphakathi;

○ 'Ukuhlanganiswa kwesitoreji selanga' sekuyinto evamile, njengoba uhulumeni 'ekhokha isikweletu' ngezinqubomgomo zentela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzimela kwamandla. 2. Ezohwebo Nezimboni (C&I) Solar PV

○ Ibalwa ku-35% (1155 MW) engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2024, okubonisa isidingo esinamandla;

○ Imakethe enkulu isezifundeni ezisenyakatho ezinenani eliphezulu lamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo (afana neLombardy neVeneto);

○ Naphezu kokwehla kwezintengo zikagesi, izinkampani zisasebenzisa i-solar PV ukuze zehlise izindleko zamandla futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kwe-ESG.

3. Izisetshenziswa Zesikali Amandla Agitsheliswa Phansi

○ Ibalwa ku-36% (1201 MW), ingxenye ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu;

○ Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka wezi-2024, izizinda zikagesi eziyi-17 ezedlula i-10 MW zaxhunywa kugridi, zanikela ngo-540 MW;

○ Umthamo oxhunywe kwigridi wamaphrojekthi angu-1-10 MW ukhuphukile usuka ku-297 MW uya ku-661 MW, okuwukunyuka ngo-122%, okubonisa ukuthi izimboni zikagesi ezisezingeni eliphakathi seziphenduke indawo entsha yokukhula;

○ Izifundazwe eziyisithupha ezisenyakatho (i-Lombardy, i-Lazio, i-Veneto, njll.) zibalwe ku-63% womthamo kazwelonke osanda kufakwa, okubonisa ukugxila kwesifunda okuphezulu.

IV. Amathrendi Azayo: Izici Ezintathu Ezibalulekile Ezenza I-Landscape Entsha ngo-2026

Uma sibheka phambili ku-2026, imakethe ye-solar PV yase-Italy izobonisa izici ezintathu ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuhlanganiswa Kokubusa Kwesizukulwane Esisabalalisiwe

I-PV ye-solar yezindlu zokuhlala neyokuhweba izoqhubeka nokubusa, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ukukhula komnotho kokuzikhiqizela wena phakathi kwamanani ashintshayo kagesi.

2. Ukuhlanganiswa Okusheshisiwe Kwelanga Nesitoreji

Isitoreji samandla sizoba ukucushwa okujwayelekile kwamasistimu e-solar PV. Iqhutshwa kokubili inqubomgomo nobuchwepheshe, imodeli 'yesiqhingi samandla' yamakhaya namabhizinisi izosabalala kancane kancane.

3. Ukuphumelela kwe-Agrivoltaics

Ukuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi 'we-agrivoltaic' kusetshenziswa umhlaba wezolimo kuzoqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla futhi kwandise imali engenayo yomhlaba wonke, kube yisimo esibalulekile sokukhula ezindaweni ezishisayo eziseningizimu.

Ukwengeza, izimboni ezinkulu zamandla agibele phansi zizobalelwa ngaphezu kuka-60% (ngokuvumelana nezibikezelo ze-PV Tech), zibe umshayeli oyinhloko womthamo omusha ofakiwe futhi zikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okudidiyelwe kokukhiqiza okuphakathi nendawo kanye nokusabalaliswa. V. Izinselelo Namathuba Akhona Ngokuhlanganyela

Naphezu kombono wethemba, umkhakha we-Italian photovoltaic (PV) usabhekene nezinselele:

● Izinqubo zokugunyaza eziyinkimbinkimbi: Nakuba kwenziwe intuthuko, izinqubomgomo eziguquguqukayo ezifundeni zonkana kanye nemikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba wezolimo kusathiya ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi amakhulu;

● Umthamo wegridi: Isifunda esiseningizimu sinezinsiza eziningi zelanga, kodwa ingqalasizinda yegridi kagesi ibuthakathaka, idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okwandisiwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa;

● Ukuncika kochungechunge lokunikezela: Izingxenye ze-PV zase-Italy zincike kakhulu ekuthengisweni ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi okuvela e-China, okwenza kudingeke ukukhiqizwa kwasendaweni okuqinisiwe nokuphepha kwe-supply chain.

Mayelana namathuba, izinkampani ezihamba phambili zaseShayina ezifana ne-Tongwei ne-Longi sezivele ziqondise imakethe yase-Italy, ziqala ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, izingxenye ezithembeke kakhulu (ezifana nobuchwepheshe be-TNC 2.0) ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zesimo sezulu saseMedithera kanye nezimo ezihlukahlukene, ezifaka amandla ezobuchwepheshe emakethe.

Isiphetho

Imboni ye-photovoltaic yase-Italy isendaweni yomlando. Kusukela ekuthuthukisweni okuqhutshwa yinqubomgomo kuya ekuthuthukisweni okuqhutshwa yimakethe, kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kokufakwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwamaphrojekthi amakhulu, futhi kusukela ekugxiliseni enyakatho kuya ekwandiseni izwe lonke, i-Italy yakha isistimu ye-photovoltaic ehlukahlukene, esimeme, futhi eqinile kakhulu. Ngokuqondiswa umgomo wamandla avuselelekayo angama-55% ngonyaka wezi-2030, iminyaka emithathu ezayo izoba yithuba elibalulekile lamathuba. Uma i-Italy ingaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokugunyaza, iqinise igridi yamandla, futhi ikhuthaze ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, kulindeleke ukuthi iphinde ithole isikhundla sayo njengamandla e-photovoltaic ahamba phambili e-Europe, ihlinzeke 'imodeli yaseNingizimu Yurophu' yoguquko lwamandla omhlaba.

Ukukhanya kwe-photovoltaics kuphinde kukhanyisa i-Apennine Peninsula.